Designing of bentonite based nanocomposite hydrogel for the adsorptive removal and controlled release of ampicillin

© 2020 In pharmacy, semisynthetic antibiotics with beta-lactam ring are the most prominently used drugs. The use of these drugs for humans and animals is continuously expanding. Their presence in the water system even at low concentrations can prove to be fatal to living beings. Also, they can even grow antibiotic-resistant bacteria and thus elimination of such drugs becomes very essential. Our study is focused on batch experiments for adsorptive removal of ampicillin (AMP) and its cumulative release in different solutions using xanthan gum-cl-poly(itaconic acid)/bentonite (XG-cl-poly(IA)/BN) nanocomposite hydrogel. It was synthesized by facile microwave method. The adsorption data of AMP was analyzed using various isotherm models such as Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and kinetic models such as Pseudo-first order, Pseudo-second order and Intraparticle diffusion. The maximum adsorption capacity as determined from Langmuir model was 245.09 mg/g at 318 K and solution pH 7. Also, XG-cl-poly(IA)/BN nanocomposite hydrogel was evaluated for AMP release in distilled water and at different pH solutions (2.2, 5.4, 7.4 and 9.4). The maximum AMP release was observed at pH 2.2 (37%)

Right Sided Ureterocele Presented with Multiple Calculi: A Rare Case Report

An ureterocele is a congenital abnormality found in the ureter where the distal ureter balloons at its opening into the bladder, forming a sac-like pouch. It is most often associated with a duplicated collecting system, where two ureters drain their respective kidney instead of one. Ureterocele occur in approximately 1 out of every 4,000 babies and are 10 times more common in girls than in boys with a left sided preponderance because a duplex collecting system (two ureters for one kidney) is more common in girls. This case report is about a 34 years old male patient complaining of lower abdominal pain, burning pain during micturation (dysuria), flank pain occasionally on right side and frequent urination. On USG and IVP x-ray, diagnosis was made as right renal hydronephrosis with right hydroureter due to right side intravesical ureterocele with right vesicoureteric calculi (multiple about 265 stones). Ureterocoele was incised endoscopically and total 265 small calculi was removed

Institutional Audit on Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

Background: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is commonly used in the management of large upper renal tract stones. It is highly effective but carries a greater risk of significant morbidity than less invasive treatment options such as ureteroscopy or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsyAims and Objectives: To analyse contemporary PCNL practice within our institute with an emphasis on outcome measures, including stone free and reduced complication rates and compare our data with previously published series.Material and Methods: A prospective study was conducted in 145 patients from January 2015 to June 2016 in Department of Urology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences who underwent PCNL procedure as per standard protocols. Effectiveness was assessed by stone-free rates and safety according to complications including blood transfusion, fever, and sepsis ratesResults: From January 2015 to June 2016, data on 145 patients who had PCNL procedures were collected. A total 17 of 145 procedures (11.7%) were for staghorncalculi, 84 (58%) for stones >2 cm, 41(28.3%) for stones 1–2 cm, and 3 (2.1%) for stones<1 cm. Complete stone clearance has been achieved in more than three fourth of the cases (76.6.%). Totally tubeless procedures were not associated with higher complication rates but did lead to a significant reduction in median length of stay (3 d vs 1.5 d; p <0.0001). Blood transfusion was required in 10 of 145 patients (6.4%). The incidence of postoperative fever was 19% and of sepsis was 4%.Conclusion: The PCNL data registry is a unique resource providing vital information on current practice and critical outcome data. Using the registry, endourologists can audit their practice against national outcome data for this benchmark procedure. It will help surgeons counsel patients during consent for this complex endourologic procedure about the possible outcome in their hands

Gum acacia-crosslinked-poly(acrylamide) hydrogel supported C3N4/BiOI heterostructure for remediation of noxious crystal violet dye

This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance Functional Materials for Environmental Monitoring and Remediation.Herein, we report the designing of a C3N4/BiOI heterostructure that is supported on gum acacia-crosslinked-poly(acrylamide) hydrogel to fabricate a novel nanocomposite hydrogel. The potential application of the obtained nanocomposite hydrogel to remediate crystal violet dye (CVD) in an aqueous solution was explored. The structural and functional analysis of the nanocomposite hydrogel was performed by FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The different reaction parameters, such as CVD concentration, nanocomposite hydrogel dosage, and working pH, were optimized. The C3N4/BiOI heterostructure of the nanocomposite hydrogel depicts Z-scheme as the potential photocatalytic mechanism for the photodegradation of CVD. The degradation of CVD was also specified in terms of COD and HR-MS analysis was carried to demonstrate the major degradation pathways.The authors acknowledge the Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP-2021/8), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia for the financial support

Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate-Supported Nanocomposite as Drug Carrier System for Controlled Delivery of Ondansetron

Sodium dodecyl sulphate-supported iron silicophosphate (SDS/FeSP) nanocomposite was successfully fabricated by the co-precipitation method. The SDS/FeSP nanocomposite was investigated as a drug carrier for ondansetron. The cumulative drug release of ondansetron was observed at various pH values for different time intervals, i.e., from 20 min to 48 h. A ranking of the drug release was observed at different pHs; pH 2.2 > saline (pH 5.5) > pH 7.4 > pH 9.4 > distilled water. Maximum release of encapsulated drug was found to be about 45.38% at pH 2.2. The cell viability tests of SDS/FeSP nanocomposite concluded that SDS/FeSP nanocomposite was non-cytotoxic in nature